Dizziness and Vertigo
Dizziness is a broad, non-specific term used to describe a false sensation of motion. It can manifest as light-headedness, giddiness, or unsteadiness. In contrast, vertigo is a distinct experience where the surrounding environment appears to spin, often indicating an inner ear (vestibular) issue. While vertigo is commonly linked to the inner ear, dizziness can have multiple causes, including issues related to the neck—known as cervicogenic dizziness (CGD).
Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)
BPPV is the most common type of vertigo, characterized by brief but recurring episodes of dizziness triggered by head movements. For instance, individuals may feel a sudden spinning sensation when rolling over in bed or getting up. BPPV can also cause nausea and balance issues. While it may feel alarming, BPPV has a clear underlying cause and can be effectively treated with physiotherapy.
BPPV occurs when tiny crystals (otoconia) in the inner ear become dislodged from their normal position in the utricle and migrate into the semicircular canals, where they disrupt the body’s ability to sense head movement. Normally, these crystals are attached to hair-like sensory cells that help the brain interpret motion and spatial positioning. When displaced, they interfere with this process, leading to dizziness and disorientation. Physiotherapists use specialized tests to identify the location of the displaced crystals and perform repositioning maneuvers to restore balance and alleviate symptoms.
Cervicogenic Dizziness (CGD)
CGD shares similarities with BPPV, as it is also linked to movement—specifically, movements of the neck. However, CGD differs in that it typically causes vague dizziness rather than the distinct spinning sensation associated with vertigo. Symptoms of CGD may include unsteadiness, disorientation, neck pain, restricted neck movement, and cervicogenic headaches (headaches originating from the upper cervical spine).
How Physiotherapy Can Help
Physiotherapists conduct a thorough assessment, using targeted questions and specialized tests to accurately diagnose the cause of dizziness. Depending on the diagnosis, treatment may involve:
For BPPV: Repositioning maneuvers (such as the Epley’s maneuver) to guide the dislodged crystals back into their correct location.
For CGD: Manual therapy and exercises to improve neck function and relieve dizziness symptoms.
If physiotherapy assessment suggests that dizziness is not related to BPPV or CGD, the physiotherapist can refer you to the appropriate healthcare professional for further evaluation.
If you are experiencing dizziness or vertigo, physiotherapy may provide an effective solution to help restore balance and improve your quality of life.