Understanding Anxiety

Anxiety can manifest in emotional, physical, and behavioral ways, or as a combination of these. While anxiety disorders share common symptoms, individuals may experience them differently. When anxiety significantly disrupts daily activities—such as concentration, sleep, or completing routine tasks—it may indicate the presence of an anxiety disorder.

Symptoms of Anxiety

Emotional Symptoms:

• Persistent worry or fear about past, present, or future events

• A sense of impending danger or panic

• Feeling powerless or overwhelmed

• Difficulty concentrating, problem-solving, or remembering things

• Racing or intrusive thoughts

Physical Symptoms:

• Muscle tension, headaches, or body aches

• Increased heart rate, trembling, or sweating

• Hot and cold flushes, dizziness, or shortness of breath

• Stomach pain, nausea, or diarrhoea

• Difficulty sleeping, nightmares, or chronic fatigue

• Feeling on edge or restless

Behavioral Symptoms:

• Avoiding situations that trigger anxiety

• Withdrawing from social interactions

• Engaging in compulsive behaviors to cope with anxiety

Types of Anxiety Disorders

There are several common anxiety disorders, including:

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) – Persistent and excessive worry about various aspects of life

• Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia) – Intense fear of social situations or judgment from others

• Panic Disorder – Recurring panic attacks with sudden, overwhelming fear

• Agoraphobia – Fear of situations where escape might be difficult, such as crowded places

• Specific Phobias – Intense fear of particular objects or situations

• Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) – Repetitive thoughts and behaviors driven by anxiety

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) – Anxiety following a traumatic event

Causes of Anxiety

The exact causes of anxiety are not fully understood, but research suggests it results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. Potential triggers include:

• Family history of anxiety or mental health conditions

• Chronic stress from work, relationships, or financial strain

• Health conditions that impact well-being, such as chronic illness

• Substance use (caffeine, alcohol, or drugs)

• Developmental stressors from childhood or significant life changes

It’s important to note that not all anxiety is harmful. Some level of anxiety helps us respond to danger and adapt to challenges. However, when anxiety becomes excessive and persistent, it can interfere with daily life.

Diagnosis and Treatment

Seeking support from a healthcare professional is the first step in managing anxiety. Treatment varies based on individual needs and symptom severity but may include:

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) – Helps change negative thought patterns

• Mindfulness & Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) – Encourages emotional acceptance and coping strategies

• Relaxation techniques – Breathing exercises, meditation, and progressive muscle relaxation

• Lifestyle changes – Regular exercise, reducing caffeine and alcohol, quitting smoking

• Medication – Prescribed if necessary, based on individual needs

You are not alone—help is available. If you or someone you know is struggling with anxiety, consult a healthcare professional for guidance and support.